Audio Oscillator

A Wien bridge oscillator produces sine waves with very low distortion level. The Wien bridge oscillator produces zero phase shift at only one frequency (f = 1/2 P RC) which will be the oscillation frequency. Stable oscillation can occur
only if the loop gain remains at unity at the oscillation frequency. The circuit achieves this control by using the positive temperature coefficient of a small lamp to regulate gain (RF/RLAMP) as the oscillator attempts to vary its output.
The oscillator shown here has four frequency bands covering about 15 Hz to 150 kHz. The frequency is continuously variable within each frequency range with ganged 20 k ohm potentiometers. The oscillator draws only about 4.0 mA
from the 9-V batteries. Its output is from 4 to 5 V with a 10 k ohm load and the RF (feedback resistor) is set at about 5% below the point of clipping. As shown, the center arm of the 5 k ohm output potentiometer is the output terminal. To
couple the oscillator to a dc type circuit, a capacitor should be inserted in series with the output lead. (Texas Instruments, Linear and Interface Circuits Applications, Vol 1, 1985, p. 3-15 and 3-16.)